Calculate the Pauling electronegativity difference and a rough percent ionic character of a bond.
| Δχ | – |
| Ionic character (%) | – |
Use this calculator when two Pauling χ values are on the page and you need Δχ and a percent-ionic estimate for a lab report.
Δχ is the absolute difference. Percent ionic ≈ [1 − exp(−0.25 Δχ²)] × 100 (Pauling-style). It is a sketch, not a measured dipole, and it does not use Mulliken or Allen scales.
χ atom A: Pauling electronegativity of the first atom, 2.55 for carbon.
χ atom B: Pauling electronegativity of the second, 3.44 for oxygen.
Δχ: Absolute electronegativity difference.
Ionic character (%): Approximate percent ionic character of the bond.
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