Find tensile stress σ = F/A, strain ε = ΔL/L, and Young’s modulus E = σ/ε.
| Stress (Pa) | – |
| Strain | – |
| E (Pa) | – |
Use this calculator for uniaxial tension in the linear elastic region: stress is force over cross-section, strain is relative change of length (dimensionless), and E is their ratio.
Steel is around 200 GPa (2×10¹¹ Pa). Strain cannot be zero (otherwise E is undefined). This is not a Mohr circle and not a yield or fracture check.
Force (N): Axial load, in newtons.
Area (m²): Cross-section. 1 cm² is 0.0001 m².
Length (m): Original length, in metres.
ΔL (m): Change of length. Positive is stretch.
Stress (Pa): σ = F/A in pascals.
Strain: ε = ΔL/L, dimensionless.
E (Pa): Young’s modulus σ/ε.
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