Estimate expected PCO2 in metabolic acidosis as 1.5 × bicarbonate + 8.
| Expected PCO2 | – |
Use this calculator for Winters’ formula: expected PCO2 ≈ 1.5 × HCO3 + 8 (±2 mmHg in the original paper). If measured arterial PCO2 sits far from this, a second respiratory process is likely. Enter bicarbonate in mmol/L. This is not a full ABG solver and not a metabolic-alkalosis formula.
HCO3: Serum bicarbonate, mmol/L.
Expected PCO2: Winters expected arterial PCO2, mmHg.
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